Locations- Limitation and Risk

The Limitations and Risks I may face will be legal issues and other various issues.

Codes of Practice and Regulation

Clearances
- PRS represents songwriters, composers and music publishers, and collects royalties on their behalf whenever their music is publicly performed. This includes performances of both live and recorded music or music from TV and radio, in premises from concert halls to corner shops.
- MCPS means that you earn money whenever your song is played on a CD. where as PRS covers you for this as well as preforming your song as well. For example, if it is played in a bar or public area.
- PRS represent songriters, composers and music publishers they offer them legal advice as well as support against copyrighting.
- A clearance is an official authorization for something to proceed or take place. The people that need this include film makers, actors, producers. These are important because it gives them legal clearence when making the film to use the person or what they have created.

Legal
- Copyright is the exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material.
- Health and safety is important for a number of reasons, most noticeably the safety of the employee when filming at a location. For example, if you are filming in a location that has trip hazards then the location must have a full risk assessment identifying any potential threats to the people who are working there. This is effective because because you have identified the hazards and you can avoid them. One way to health with this issue is to have one member of your crew who is experienced is aware of health and safety issues. This is effective because they can help the inexperience of the crew.

Insurance
- Insurance is a really important part of film-making. The bare minimum insurance cover that you will need is health and safety cover for cast and crew. You can also have insurance on equipment which will cover the cost if you damage them.
- The main areas you will cover are: Equipment, Footage, Employers liability and public liability.
- Its recommended that you look for insurance quotes quite early in the production as it helps you understand how much money needs to be put away for it. It is estimated that it can cost anywhere from £500-£1000, it will cost usually an extra £400 if you want to go worldwide.

Regulatory Bodies
Ofcom is the communications regulator in the UK. One of their main duties is to ensure that the UK has a high connection speed. For example, Internet connection speed. They also ensure that UK has a high quality of TV and Radio program. For example, making sure that the programs make mass audiences happy. They also offer protection to make sure that all employees involved in making a program are happy and treated fairly. Finally, they also protect people from harmful content. They might become involved in my drama when I start filming because they have to ensure that all my employees are happy and they have to make sure the content I am making is not harmful for my audience.

The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) is non-government organisation that chooses the age ratings on all films in the UK. Their chef responsibilities include Cinema, Film Certifications, Video Releases






http://www.prsformusic.com/creators/helpcentre/pages/whatwedo.aspx

Bibliography:
Google (no date) Available at: https://www.google.co.uk/?ion=1&espv=2#q=who%20are%20prs (Accessed: 4 May 2016).
In-line Citation:
(Google, no date)
Google (no date) Available at: https://www.google.co.uk/#q=define+clearance (Accessed: 12 May 2016).
In-line Citation:
(Google, no date)

Google (no date) Available at: https://www.google.co.uk/#safe=strict&q=define+copyright (Accessed: 12 May 2016).

In-line Citation:

(Google, no date)
BBC (2008) Film network - filmMaking - guide - insurance. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/filmnetwork/filmmaking/guide/production/insurance (Accessed: 27 May 2016). 
In-line Citation:
(BBC, 2008)
Ofcom (2002) What is Ofcom? Available at: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/what-is-ofcom/ (Accessed: 27 May 2016). 
In-line Citation:

(Ofcom, 2002)

Locations- Recces

Recce checklists are helpful for finding any problems you have during production. This can include:
- Sound Disturbances
- Lighting issues
- Safety hazards.

Recce Forms are used to Identify any potential hazards you may occur during filming. these may include:
- Trip hazards
- Water issue

Locations- Identification

The first way to Identify when you need a location is to go through the script and understand the location. Then the location manager (this is the person in charge of finding the right location for the directors to use). Recces are then used to scout any potential hazards and weaknesses before having the all clear to film. Location scouts are used to scout the location and report back about any potential hazards that may affect the filming. These are important because they allow the filming to start.

Facilities Outsourcing

This is when you research and obtain equipment from outside the business. This is effective because it costs more money to obtain.

Contributers

Types
- Specialists
- Technical Specialists
- Experts
- Talent
- Public

Specialists:
- They are people with advanced skills and are on their game all the time.
- They are often hired:
  .To oversee operations.
  .To train people in certain skills

Technical specialists
- Specialist pilots are hired for things like dog fights. They all cost a price.
- Specialist trainers are used such as a running specialist to train people.
- Production specialists are hired to help the crew but are not included in it they are extra help. For example a drone camera operator.

Experts
- These are people that are hired to help in specific roles. For example, for period accuracy you might hire a history expert.

Talent
- These are people who are on screen performers such as actors.
- This sometimes refers to the A-list celebs rather than the B or C listed celebs.

Public
- The public may sometimes be asked to be involved in films.
- The council may support filming to promote the town.
- They're also asked to help with crowd numbers.

Contributor Biographies
- These are A-list talent and specialist director and producer are advertised to make the film popular.
- Producer
- Director
- Screenwriter
- Princibal Actors

Facilities- Facility Houses, Outsourcing, Availability and Costs

Facilities Houses: companies that hire out equipment for film.

Equipment Budget List
- Camera- it costs £500 for a 5-day rental.
- Tripod- it costs £100 for a 5-day rental
- Lighting- it going to cost me £1000 for a 5-day rental.
- Microphone- Its going to cost £100 for the 5-day rental.
- Sound recorder- this will cost me £250 for the 5-day rental.
- Editing Software- this will cost me £400 for the 5-day rental.  

Facilities- Post-Production Equipment

Post-Production Equipment: the time after the film has been filmed. Phases include:
- Picture Edit
- Sound Edit
- Visual Effects
- Coloring
- Titling
Picture Editing Package
- AVID Media Composer
- Apple Final Cut Pro
- Adobe Premier
Sound Editing Facilities
- Steinburg Nuendo
- AVID Pro Tools
- Audacity
Higher end facilities for effects, grading etc.

Facilities- Production Equipment

Production Equipment
- Refers to equipment used on a film set, any equipment needed to film.
- lighting: lights, light stands, generator, filters, gels and diffusion. Grip stands, reflectors and grip accessories.
- Grip equipment
Definition: They constitute their own department on a film set and are directed by a key grip. Grips have two main functions. The first is to work closely with the camera department to provide camera support, especially if the camera is mounted to a dolly, crane, or in an unusual position, such as the top of a ladder.
Equipment: Crane, Tracking Vehicles, Remote Heads, Jimmy Jib, Jib Arms, Easy Rig and Dollies
- Camera package
  - Camera
  - Lenses
  - Filters
  - Tripods
-Camera Movement
  - Dolly
  - Track
  - Accessories: wedges
- Sound Equipment
 - Sound Recording Unit
 - Headphones
 - Microphones
 - Mic holders
 - Cables

Personnel Costs

There are three types of Costs on film:
- Big Budget
- Medium Budget
- Low Budget

Big Budget:
- On a big budget you can afford specialists in that particular area and you do not have to mix roles. This is effective because it means that there are no weak points in your crew.
- A make-up artist who works on big budget productions only works that one role.

Medium Budget:
- On a Medium Budget it is scaled down from the big budget, but it will still be a experianced crew.

Low Budget:
- On a low budget you will have to double or triple roles on specific people. For this reason they will be hired on experience and their multi-tasking ability.

Personnel Availability

Facility hire

Pro-Cam
Arri- Amira

Hire a Camera
Sony FS7- £180

DV Camera Hire

Materials- Self generated Materials, Archive Material, Library Materials, Internet and Property Rights

Materials in film production refers to any artifacts used in the production itself. This includes archive footage you have created as well as footage that has been archived. For example, sound clips for everyday sounds.

Self-generated materials
- This means that anything you have created for the production this can include your own sound and video creations.
- The impact of constructing props in-house for the production compant is that it costs money to make them. This is effective because you can save time and money by exporting it from a prop house.
:
Archive Material
- This is old footage used in previous film productions. This is often used by documentary makers so they can use real footage and it is therefore authentic.
- An example is the recent archive footage film Senna, this uses footage from the time leading up to his death.
Examples:
- Paranormal Activity: the footage was used to scare people this was really effective because it made the audience believe that the haunting was real.

Library Materials
- This refers to material stored in libraries which is either sound or video effects.
- Sound Library: When the film is finished then sound will be stored in a library to use for a later production or can be sold to other productions. A large production company has a huge library that has been built up for many years and the sounds can be reused or tweaked.
- Video Library: Production companies will also have a library full of video materials, which are referred to as 'action essentials'.
- The BBC sound library is a massive sound library with all the sounds that the BBC use. There are also many bundles in which to buy. For example, you can get the complete set which costs £99 where as, on the other hand you can get smaller bundles like transport which cost £4.95.

Internet
- This is one of the newest ways to get sounds and video effects for your production. For example, you can use freesound. This is a website that offers you sound for your production for free. I could use this site to build my own library because it is free and I could use the same sound for years to come.

Property Rights and Copyrights
- The most important thing to remember when using material is to assure that you have the wriiten consent. Otherwise, they might get sued.
- If you ask for permission to use someones material then you need to pay for it. A great amount of time is spent refining so that the investment has been used properly.

Time Timescale for clearances

 You will need to get contracts in place or waiver forms secured prior to production.

Time Availability of Personnel

What is the availability of the people you want to recruit:
- Dates
- Hours of Availability
Task: Find the availability for each crew member recruited.

Time Availability of equipment

What equipment do you have available to you?
- Production
- Post-production
List of equipment i have access to:
- Camera.
 - Sound Recorder.
- Sound Mike.
- Editing Software.
- Mac Mini
- Headphones
- Memory Cards
- iMovie
- Boom Pole
- Shotgun Mic
- Mac Books
- AVID
- Canon Legira R28HF (needs memory cards)
- Libec Tripod (Fluid Head)
What equipment might you need to hire?
- Production
- Post-production
List of Desirable Equipment:
- Jib Cranes
- Boom Mike
- Track
- HMI Lights
Get Pricing- Rental fees change through out the year there are peek times if the year and cooler.

Time Deadlines

Shoot:
- First day of principal photography: all your pre-production needs to be completed before this date otherwise you might get into legal trouble.
- Last day of shoot: all footage must be secured by this date.
Picture Lock:
- When you are editing a film you edit the picture first because the sound editors need the final picture cut.
Sound Lock:
- Make sure you finish picture work otherwise you will go over budget.
Music
Visual Effects
Sound Mixing
Colour Correction
Delivery

Materials- Graphics, Props, Costumes and Music

Materials refers to any of the physical or digital artifacts used in production
find resources myself supporting this. 3

Types of Materials:
- Original Material: these are generated 'in house' by the production team.
- Archive and Library Materials
- Photo-Library Materials
- Sound Library Materials
- Internet
- Assets
- Audio
- Script
- Animations
- Graphics
- Interviews
- Costumes
- Properties
- Recorded Music

How to make your own
- Graphics
ACME are based in teddington and use graphics on macs. they can use paintings and illustrations using paintbrushes.
they used graphics in world war z and hot fuzz and survivor
commercials include Nike sky sports and McDonald's
TV programs include Benidorm
graphics photos and visuals
skills nee

- Props
I can use the Beacon School art department as i am a student and it would be cheaper than going to a prop house.

- Costumes
I can use the Beacon School textiles department as I am a student there and I could use them for free which means I would same money rather than visiting a designer.

- Music:
Goldsmith offer creative courses. offers opportunity for work. ads TV and film dramas
the curriculum is enhanced by reflecting the diversity.
NFTS- encouraging them to be collaborative. all three other uniqueness and quality. working on your own style.

Finance Talent

The BBC and Equity (the actor's union) have a agreement where the actor minimum fee for working on a set is £603. One week represents six working days, with each working day being eight hours long with a hour meal break. On the other hand if the duration is two weeks then this means ten working days with each day being nine hours long with a one hour break. In short film terms though many directors or producers would struggle with this rate so they usually ask the actor for a favor or pay them under the agreed wage. 

This is useful for my short film because like other short film directors I will struggle with paying the actors that amount of money. This is effective because i can ask the talent to compromise and bay them under the rate they are used to. 

Finance Transport

Crew
- Minibus
- Travel Expenses

Talent
- Taxi

Equipment
- Equipment Van

This is useful for my short film because I will need to secure transport for all of these things. For example, I will need to secure transport for the talent in order to secure them at the location when i need them to be there. This is effective because without the talent at location when I need him to film would mean that i will have to re-shoot and this costs money, more money than I currently have.

Finance Equipment

Capturing the Image
- Camera
- Tripod
- Lighting
- Slider/Glidecam Equipment
- Jib/Crane
- Camera: HD, full HD and sensor size.
- A larger sensor will contain a bigger sensor size
- Camera Legria
- Canon
- Canon 5D
- Canon 1D
- Black Magic Cinema Camera
- Red Camera

Recording Sound
- Sound Recorder
- Microphone
- Boom Pole
- Wind Shield

This is effective for my short film because this is not the true reflective of the equipment i would use because I am on a tight budget. For example, a jib costs around about £200 to £300 depending on the quality and the brand of the product. This is effective because as a student I will not have this money to spare so I will need to cut down in equipment like the jib.

Finance Crew

This is effective for short film because due to the fact i am on a short budget i will not be able to have such a vast crew. I will instead have a skeleton crew, this is the the bare minimum crew needed for filming, it usually consists of five people. This is effective because it is cheap to run but it person would have to work a lot harder due to doubling up roles or lack of equipment.

Finance-Funding Requirements

Expenditure
- Equipment
- Materials
- Transport
- Costs
- Crew
- Personnel
- Facility Hire
- Clearances
- Legal Costs

Finance- Sources of Finance

Sources of Funding:
- Funding
- Tv Channels
- BBC, ITV and Channel 4 support film making
- Direct Funding
- In Kind Funding
- Commisions
- Development
- Screening Support
- Competitions

Government Funding
- National
- BFI directly fianaces feature length films but does not directly Fund short films.

Regional (BFI Funding Partners)
- Creative England
- Creative Scotland
- Film Agency for Wales
- Film London

Local Government Funding
- London Borough Funds (Wandsworth)

Private Funding
- Cinema Compainies: Odeon, Curzon.
- Media Companies: Sony, Virgin Media.
- Other: BMW

Finance companies

BFI Film Fund- This is a company that finances independent British film makers. The advantage of this company is that if you pass their application then they will fund your short film. This is effective because usually short film makers do not have a lot of money to spend so if they acquire the funding then they can spend their money in other things for the film. The disadvantage of this company is that they only other you £10,000. This is effective because in film making terms this is a incredibly small budget to work with.

Film4- This is a company that finances feature length films for multi national film makers. The advantage of this company is that you do not have to be British in order to receive funding from this specific company. This is effective because because international film makers usually struggle with getting the funds together for making films. This company would not be useful for my short film because they inly directly fund feature length films.

Introducing and Defying Short Film

This apply s to short film because i need to understand the requirements in making short films. The purpose of this research is to understand what difference is between short films and feature length films. This is effective because i do not want to be confused between short films and feature length films.

Personnel Resourcing

Personnel- Size of Team and Roles

1)
- A skeleton crew is a film crew that only includes the bare essential members, this is usually to save money in making the film.
- The producer and Director are not included in the skeleton crew because they are there to film every day.

Skeleton Crew
- Director of photography. One reason this was chosen was because then you can spend more time on the talent rather than worrying about lighting. Another reason is if you lack faith in your lighting skills then it is best just to hire someone to do it. The Third and final reason is that they can work to a really strict time limit which means that you can save time to work on other aspects.

- Make-up/Hair. The first reason they are chosen is because they always think about continuity which means that they make it seem that they are actually in the setting the talent state. The second reason this person is chosen is because they make the talent feel like they are in character by the way they dress the talent which makes your film better. The third and final reason is that they bring a sense of professionalism to the set which the crew can feed off of.

- Production Assistant. The first reason why this person was chosen was because they are needed to keep everything running well. The second reason is that most PA's have good attitude so they are willing to doe what you ask. The third and final reason is that some days you are to tired to move equipment around so having a PA means that someone is always on hand to help you start working.

- Location Audio. The first reason why this position was chosen was because sound is more important than picture and missing out on it means your film would lack in professionalism. The second reason why this was chosen by Noam Kroll was because sound contributes to the overall success of your film. The third and final reason this role was chosen was because they care more about sound than you do which means that your film will look very professional compared to doing the sound yourself.

- Gaffer/Grip. The first reason why this person was chosen was because the camera man can focus on the light and camera but this would mean that neither really succeed in making your short film look really professional. The second reason this position was chosen was because they can help get the most out of you DP as they work hand in hand together. The third and final reason this was chosen is because they can make the lighting look amazing which helps make your film look professional.

References:
http://www.indiewire.com/article/the-5-people-filmmakers-need-for-a-tiny-skeleton-crew?page=2
http://www.indiewire.com/article/the-5-people-filmmakers-need-for-a-tiny-skeleton-crew
- This is an article by Noam Kroll describing whats needed for a skeleton crew. taken 27/01/16

CV

Harry Bilk

Runner

078975421289

harry@gmail.com

Based In London

I am a inexperienced film/production runner and i have worked in no professional productions but countless student films. I feel that i am a keen worker and i have a good attitude to get the work done.
I have basic camera skills which include zooming, panning and tilting. 

Student Productions 

Runner for The Horror Inside (2012)- Short film  

Stage Runner for The Nutcracker (2012)- Theater Performance 

Floor Runner for Pompeii- Cover (2014)- Music Video trailer

Other Relevant Experience

Customer Assistant for Tesco (2012 to 2015)

Sales Assistant for AJ's Food and Groceries (2015 to Present) 

Education

Maths- B
English- B
Science- C
Drama- A
Media Studies- C

In sixth form i am currently studying:

Media Studies Btec Level 3
Business Studies Btec Level 3

References available on request 

Team and Crew CV's

Introductory Paragraph
- The right CV's are characterized by the relevant information and ones that refers to fact and past experience.
- It is important when using any font to make sure that the text is clear and easy to understand.
- 10 out of 15 people fail to customize their CV when handing it in to a employer.

Why Customize your CV
The two most important reasons are:
- If you talk about the relevant information then you are most likely going to be chosen for that specific job.
- Customize your CV by talking about why you are so different to make yourself stand out from the crowd.

CV Rules according to MFJC
- Always customize your CV to stand out.
- Check that your CV does not contain relevant information.
- Repeat the tittle of the job
- Remove where you live.
- Make sure you include relevant things.
- Think want the person reading it wants to hear.
- Do not drag on.
- Do not lie about your tittle. For example, director.
- Keep the size as small as possible to avoid spam filters.
- Save it as 'Your Name' 'Tittle' 'Company'.
If you are applying to be a runner then assure your CV has the right information.

But What if I have no Experience
-The Article says to be smart if you have no experience because if you have no experience then state why you want the job.

Specialize
- The worst thing you can do in your CV is say that you want to experience the job because it is a common factor in most CV's
- The article implies that specializing your CV means that you have to make it stand out in order to impress your employer.

Example CV's
- The advice is to research the company and the job role.  
- The example CV I found most helpful was the Runner example as if i was in applying for a job in production then that is what i would go for.

The things all CV's have in common are:
- That they are clear and simple.
- Include the tittle of the job under your name.
- Repeat the tittle of the job
- Contains the relevant information
- Important information at the top.
- Do not drag on.

Reference:
Information taken from this website on 15/01/16. Website: http://myfirstjobinfilm.co.uk/cvadvice.html

Materials- Archive Material, Library Material, Internet and Property Rights and Copyrights

Archive Material
- Archive material is old footage used in previous productions from various genres.
- Documentary film makers often use Archive footage. Authenticate their narratives.
- Archive Material example is Senna they used footage to create a film about him.

Example: The Cove.
The footage was used to help expose the cruelty of Japanese fisherman and their treatment towards dolphins. The footage was effective because it made the audience feel bad because the footage is real and it shows the slaughter of dolphins.

Library Material
- Library material refers to material effects there is a lot out there.
- When a film is complete, the wild tracks of non dialogue is completed by the production company.
- Many productions would build up a library of sounds over the years.
- Large production company would sell these sound clips in order to make some profit.
- There will be archives of videos materials these are often referred to as action essentials.

The BBC sound effects library is a CD available to order from their website. It is packed full of sound effects. This is effective because it can save time buying these CD's instead of going to all different places and recording them.

There are many different types of bundles for different types of genre and how popular they are. For example, there is the comedy bundle which includes laughter which costs £4.95. On the other hand with the standard issue set the price of that is £99.00 because it includes more popular noises.

Internet 
- The internet is one of the newest ways to get cleared sounds and effects for your movie.

I could use freesound.org because they have many sound clips that are very popular in movies. For example, these include sounds of vehicles which i can use if i have a driving scene.
Website: https://freesound.org/browse/

Freesound is a free website where you can get free sound clips to use in and movies or short films you make. I could use this site to build my own sound library because it is free and it can save time and money. Some may be good quality others may not.

Property Rights and Copyrights
- If you want to use a company material then ask permission and be prepared to pay for it.
- Time is spent reffing sounds by sound designers. Foley artists and effects editors should get paid appropriately.
- The most important thing to remember is that anything you use must have written permission. Video piracy makes films more boring.
- If a sound has been created by someone else they have the right of form.

Material Clearances

Task 1
Cleared in this sense means that you have made sure that everything you need in order to distribute this film has been achieved. For example, if there are any brand logos that appear in your short film you have to make sure that you have the clearance to involve this company in your short film.

-This link also is very useful in the sense that it explains what you need to do in order to clear your film. For example it has a whole section on brand and logos. This is useful because it means that you can distribute your film if you have followed the list carefully.

- There is a tip that states that it is useful to create fictional brands in order to avoid product placement.

Task 2
Film clearance is the time of getting all the needed permission for filming and making a short film. For example, the clearance required for using a set while filming.

Task 3
Clearance Checklist:
- If your script is fictional, then make sure you do not include real people unless without written consent.
- If your film is based around a true event then also make sure you have written consent.
- Anything that appears in your has to be cleared this includes anything from products to a billboard in the background.
- Any music you include has to be cleared, even if it was created by yourself.
- Any location you use has to be cleared in order to avoid being sued.
- Any talent that appears in your film needs written consent to be able to participate in your film.

Finance- Requirements and Expenditure

An important part is to understand the availability of finance in your short film production. There are two main potential sources of finance for your short film. For example:

Requirements
The main requirement you have to think about is weather you have the funding to create this short film or not. For example, you might want to hire a cast to star in your short film but without the necessary funding then you will really struggle to hire a good cast and crew.

Expenditure
Expenditure is the amont of money you spend on a certain project. The most amount of expenditure you will use is on things like the cast or equipment. These are important because they are crutial in making a short film.